Optimization of lipids production by Cryptococcus laurentii 11 using cheese whey with molasses

This study aimed the optimization of culture condition and composition for production of Cryptococcus laurentii 11 biomass and lipids in cheese whey medium supplemented with sugarcane molasses. The optimization of pH, fermentation time, and molasses concentration according to a full factorial statistical experimental design was followed by a Plackett-Burman experimental design, which was used to determine whether the supplementation of the culture medium by yeast extract and inorganic salts could provide a further enhancement of lipids production. The following conditions and composition of the culture medium were found to optimize biomass and lipids production: 360 h fermentation, 6.5 pH and supplementation of (g L-1): 50 molasses, 0.5 yeast extract, 4 KH2PO4, 1 Na2HPO4, 0.75 MgSO4•7H2O and 0.002 ZnSO4•H2O. Additional supplementation with inorganic salts and yeast extract was essential to optimize the production, in terms of product concentration and productivity, of neutral lipids by C. laurentii 11. Under this optimized condition, the production of total lipids increased by 133% in relation to control experiment (from 1.27 to 2.96 g L-1). The total lipids indicated a predominant (86%) presence of neutral lipids with high content of 16- and 18- carbon-chain saturated and monosaturated fatty acids. This class of lipids is considered especially suitable for the production of biodiesel.

Comparison of two lipid extraction methods produced by yeast in cheese whey

This work aimed to evaluate nine strains of yeast, previously identified as good producers of lipids in honey medium, for selecting the most suitable strain for the production of lipids in cheese whey medium and compared two well known extraction methods of lipids from the culture medium. The highest yield of total lipids was 1.27 g.L-1 produced by Cryptococcus laurentii 11. A comparison was made between the two culture media: cheese whey and liquid YEPG, and two lipid extraction methods: Bligh and Dyer and Folch et al. for C. laurentii. The experiments were performed with 2² full factorial design using two factors and two levels. Lipid content was higher in cheese whey and there was no difference in the extraction methods statistically. The method of Bligh and Dyer was used in preference to Folch et al. as it resulted in larger mean of total lipids.

In Vitro study of Vellozia pusilla pohl (Velloziaceae), a Brazilian plant species: antitumoral activity and labeling of blood elements

Vellozia pusilla Pohl is a species of the botanic family Velloziaceae that occurs in the subtropical regions of South America and, although it lives under conditions of high solar irradiation and low water availability, shows great longevity. The methanol extract of roots, stem and leaf sheaths of this species showed an antitumoral activity through the inhibition of the enzyme Topoisomerase I when analyzed by an in vitro bioassay employing DNA repair or recombination deficient mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the evaluation of the effect of Vellozia pusilla methanol extract on the labeling of RBC, blood of mice was treated with 99mTc tracer solutions. The percentage of radioactivity ( percentATI) bound to plasma (P) and blood cells (BC) was determined. The percentATI in the insoluble fraction of plasma (IF) was also evaluate, and the results showed that there was a decrease in percentATI in this fraction that represents the plasmatic proteins.

Vellozia pusilla Pohl é uma espécie de planta da família Velloziaceae que ocorre em regiões subtropicais da América do Sul e, apesar de viver sob condições de alta incidência solar e baixa disponibilidade de água, apresenta grande longevidade. O extrato metanólico das raízes, caule e folhas desta espécie apresentou atividade antitumoral através da inibição da enzima Topoisomerase I quando utilizado o bioensaio in vitro que emprega cepas mutantes Saccharomyces cerevisiae que apresentam deficiência na reparação ou recombinação do DNA. Na avaliação do efeito do extrato metanólico de Vellozia pusilla na marcação dos elementos sangüíneos com tecnécio 99m, sangue de rato foi tratado com solução de 99mTc como traçador sendo determinado o percentual de radioatividade ( por centoATI) no plasma (P) e nas células vermelhas (BC). As frações solúvel e insolúvel do plasma também foram avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que houve um decréscimo de por centoATI na fração insolúvel do plasma que é representada pelas proteínas plasmáticas.